Terms of use

What you may do

The essays here are published to be used. Without asking permission you may:

• Read, save, and print any page for personal use.
• Print or distribute copies for a class, a training session, a reading group, or a staff meeting.
• Quote passages in your own writing, with attribution.
• Link to any page here from anywhere.
• Translate a piece for non-commercial use, provided the translation is identified as such.

Attribution is appreciated. A note of the essay title and the collection name is enough.

What you may not do

• Republish wholesale under another name. Reproducing entire essays as someone else's work, or on a site that presents them as original content, is not permitted.
• Alter and attribute. Changing the substance of an argument and leaving it attributed to this collection misrepresents it. Edit for length if you must, and say that you have.
• Sell it. The text is not to be packaged and sold, whether as a book, a course module, or content behind a paywall.
• Use it as machine-generated filler. Spinning, paraphrasing at scale, or feeding the text through a rewriter to produce derivative pages is outside what this permission covers.

What these essays are not

This matters more than the copyright section, so it is stated at length.

These pieces are general syntheses of widely established research findings, written for a general readership. They are not:

• Professional advice. Nothing here is educational, legal, medical, financial, or psychological advice for any particular person. Decisions about a specific child, school, dispute, qualification, or course of study need someone who knows the circumstances and the local system.
• A description of any specific country's system. The essays deliberately describe general patterns. Laws, funding arrangements, qualification frameworks, and entitlements vary enormously between jurisdictions, and what applies where you live may differ substantially from what is described.
• Original research. No new data is produced here. Figures are given as ranges reflecting what is broadly established across the literature, with hedges that are meant seriously.
• Guaranteed current. Research moves. A finding described here as well-established may be refined or qualified by later work.

Accuracy and corrections

Considerable care goes into these essays, and they will still contain errors. No warranty of accuracy or completeness is offered, and no liability is accepted for decisions made on the basis of what is written here.

That said, errors are taken seriously. If you find one, the contact page explains how to report it. Corrections are made to the text rather than argued with.

Availability

This is a small independent project with no service commitment. Pages may change, move, or be withdrawn. If you are relying on a particular essay for teaching, keep a local copy — which the terms above explicitly permit.

External references

Where the essays point to other resources or organisations, no endorsement is implied and no responsibility is taken for their content, accuracy, or practices.

Contact

Questions about any of this go to the address on the contact page. Requests to use the material in ways not covered above will usually be granted if the purpose is educational and non-commercial.